kudirat01 يوللىغان ۋاقتى 2013-6-2 09:38 PM 
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @! E$ X2 {* s6 {- o! R
قازاق نامى قاسىمخان دەۋرىدە يەنى 16-ئەسىرلەردە بارلىقق ...
ازىرقى ۇيغىر نامى كىلىش جاريانى.
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @: J' Q" q0 x2 ]/ u' s& G
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @ T! d- r/ }0 I( `6 p
بۇ ۇيغىر ېىسىمى 1921-يىلغى تاشكانىت يغىنىدا قويىلپ، قولدانىشكا باشلىغان.
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @% K+ K) h8 a. pبۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @% ~/ Z5 O* M0 t
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @! d/ w2 |8 v, A* m+ B
Origin of modern nationality
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @1 X5 ~; J- W! F2 L( rبۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @# v- w+ @6 ^9 A( N+ E+ N' Y- {
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @0 j1 d' m* j/ Y; z
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @$ O, q b7 K6 Y n! a# v2 k "“The Uighurs are the people whom old Russian travellers called Sart (a name which they used for sedentary, Turkish-speaking Central Asians in general), while Western travellers called them Turki, in recognition of their language. The Chinese used to call them Ch'an-t'ou ('Turbaned Heads') but this term has been dropped, being considered derogatory, and the Chinese, using their own pronunciation, now called them Weiwuerh. As a matter of fact there was for centuries no 'national' name for them; people identified themselves with the oasis they came from, like Kashgar or Turfan.”"[25]
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @) D& O0 N+ t: F
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @, D7 d& D- }# L+ EOwen Lattimore, (1973) "Return to China's Northern Frontier.
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @5 Y! U* E1 E$ q- h
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @' X5 m8 J2 X" o9 s& G {' u1 F- {The term "Uyghur" was not used to refer to any existing ethnic group in the 19th century, but to an ancient people. A late 19th century encyclopedia titled The cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia said "the Uigur are the most ancient of Turkish tribes, and formerly inhabited a part of Chinese Tartary (Xinjiang), which is now occupied by a mixed population of Turk, Mongol, and Kalmuck".[26] The inhabitants of Xinjiang were not called Uyghur before 1921/1934. Westerners called the Turkic speaking Muslims of the Oases "Turki", and the Turkic Muslims in Ili were known as "Taranchi". The Russians and other foreigners used the names "Sart",[27] "Turk", or "Turki"[28][29] for them. These groups of peoples identified themselves by the oases they came from, not by an ethnic group.[30] Names such as Kashgarliq to mean Kashgari were used.[31] The Turkic people also just used "Musulman", which means "Muslim", to describe themselves.[31][32]
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @; G5 l/ U- s0 \3 x9 |2 Aبۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @5 Y8 n9 D" Z& r( L# F1 G) s$ H
The name "Uyghur" reappeared after the Soviet Union took the 9th century ethnonym, from the Uyghur Khaganate, and reapplied it to all non-nomadic Turkic Muslims of Xinjiang,[33] following a 19th-century proposal from Russian historians that modern-day Uyghurs were descended from the Turpan Kingdom and Kara-Khanid Khanate, which had formed after the dissolution of the Uyghur Khaganate.[34] Historians generally agree that the adoption of the term "Uyghur" is based on a decision from a 1921 conference in Tashkent, which was attended by Turkic Muslims from the Tarim Basin (Xinjiang).[33][35][36] There, "Uyghur" was chosen by them as the name of their own ethnic group, although the delegates noted that the modern groups referred to as "Uyghur" were distinct from the old Uyghur Khaganate.[27] According to Linda Benson, the Soviets and their client Sheng Shicai intended to foster a Uyghur nationality in order to divide the Muslim population of Xinjiang, whereas the various Turkic Muslim peoples themselves preferred to identify as "Turki", "East Turkestani", or "Muslim".[27]
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @, N0 D# L- @1 i/ y* I4 c+ M" c% h9 k
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @; O- }1 L4 ~6 E* d8 ~" SOn the other hand, the ruling regime of China at that time, the Kuomintang, grouped all Muslims, including the Turkic-speaking people of Xinjiang, into the "Hui nationality".[37][38] They generally referred to the Turkic Muslims of Xinjiang as "Chan Tou Hui" (turban-headed Muslim).[27][39][40] Westerners traveling in Xinjiang in the 1930s, like George W. Hunter, Peter Fleming, Ella K. Maillart, and Sven Hedin all referred to the Turkic Muslims of the region not as Uyghur, but as "Turki", in their books. Use of the term "Uyghur" was unknown in Xinjiang until 1934, when the governor Sheng Shicai came to power in Xinjiang. Sheng adopted the Soviets' ethnographic classification rather than that of the Kuomintang and became the first to officially promulgate the use of the term "Uyghur" to describe the Turkic Muslims of Xinjiang.[34][27][41] After the Communist victory, the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong continued the Soviet classification, using the term Uyghur to describe the modern ethnic group.[27]
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @% f/ [ ?7 S+ K9 S" {
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @" T, B8 L- o; H6 z1 N* G
Another ethnic group, the Buddhist Yugur of Gansu, by contrast, have consistently been called by themselves and others the "Yellow Uyghur" (Säriq Uyghur).[42] Scholars like Joana Breidenbach say that the Yugur's culture, language, and religion are closer to the original culture of the original Uyghur Karakorum state than is the culture of the modern Uyghur people of Xinjiang.[43] Linguist and ethnographer S. Robert Ramsey has argued for inclusion of both the Yugur and the Salar as subgroups of Uyghur (based on similar historical roots for the Yugur and on perceived linguistic similarities for the Salar). These groups are recognized as separate ethnic groups, though, by the Chinese government.[44]
بۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @9 F5 ~9 v; G; G! \% k4 e/ p* Kبۇ مەزمۇنلار پۈتۈنلەي مىسرنىم مۇنبىرىدىن كۆچۈرۈلگەن @$ E8 w9 t4 u$ {8 v4 v* y& t, n
Pan-Turkic Jadidists and East Turkestan Independence activists Muhammad Amin Bughra (Mehmet Emin) and Masud Sabri rejected the Soviet imposition of the name "Uyghur" upon the Turkic people of Xinjiang. They wanted instead the name "Turkic ethnicity" (Tujue zu in Chinese) to be applied to their people. Masud Sabri also viewed the Hui people as Muslim Han Chinese and separate from his own people.[45] The names "Türk" or "Türki" in particular were demanded by Bughra as the real name for his people. He slammed Sheng Shicai for his designation of Turkic Muslims into different ethnicities which could sow disunion among Turkic Muslims.[46]
يوللىغان ۋاقتى 2013-6-3 01:59:51 AM
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